A look at papal longevity and leadership in the Catholic Church
The papacy is one of the oldest and most respected leadership positions in the world, with popes often serving well into old age.
A visual by World Visualized highlights the oldest popes in office, showcasing how age and experience have shaped the Catholic Church’s leadership across centuries.
The top 3 longest-living popes while in office
Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)
Age at end of reign: 93 years, 140 days
Known for his scholarly works and social teachings, Leo XIII remains the oldest pope in history. His long life allowed him to leave a lasting imprint on Catholic doctrine, especially through his encyclicals on workers' rights and modern society.
Pope Francis (2013–2025)
Age at end of reign: 88 years, 123 days
The first Jesuit pope and the first from Latin America, Francis was a global figure for dialogue, humility, and care for the marginalised. His papacy emphasised environmental stewardship and compassion-driven reform.
Pope Clement XII (1730–1740)
Age at end of reign: 87 years, 305 days
Despite severe health issues, Clement XII led with remarkable energy, commissioning architectural masterpieces like the Trevi Fountain and reinforcing Catholic orthodoxy.
In many ways, the papacy is a reflection of lifelong devotion. Unlike political leaders with term limits, popes serve for life unless they choose to resign—something rarely done in history. Pope Benedict XVI, who stepped down in 2013 due to health reasons, was among the few to retire voluntarily, breaking a centuries-old precedent.
However, ageing also raises questions about mental and physical capacity in such a demanding role, prompting discussions around retirement norms and succession planning.
From John Paul II’s charismatic outreach to Pius IX’s doctrinal firm stance, the lives of these popes reveal how leadership shaped by age can guide the Church through major social, political, and spiritual transformations.
