Eye colour population distribution worldwide
Beyond fingerprints, eye colour is another unique and fascinating aspect of our identity. Eye colour is determined by the amount of melanin in the iris, which can result in a range of hues—each with its own geographical and demographic distinctions.
Around eight primary eye colours are recognised worldwide, with each colour representing unique population groups and histories.
Today, between 70-79% of the global population has brown eyes, making it the most prevalent eye colour. This deep, rich shade dominates Africa, Asia, and parts of the United States.
Interestingly, research indicates that around 10,000 years ago, brown was the universal eye colour until genetic variations led to the development of new colours. Brown eyes continue to be the most common, especially in areas with higher sun exposure, as the increased melanin helps protect against UV damage.
Blue eyes are less common, found in less than 10% of the global population. This colour is caused by a lower melanin concentration in the iris, which scatters light and creates a blue appearance.
Blue eyes are particularly common in European populations, especially in Northern and Eastern Europe, and are also seen in about 27% of Americans today.
Hazel eyes, a unique mix of green, gold, and orange tones, represent an intriguing colour variation. This shade is more prevalent in regions like North Africa, the Middle East, Brazil, and Spain.
Amber eyes, often mistaken for hazel but with a distinct golden or coppery hue, are found in roughly 5% of the population, particularly in Asia, South America, and South Africa.
Grey and green eyes, which also result from low melanin levels, are often found in highland and coastal areas, particularly in places with lower sunlight, such as Ireland, Scotland, and Iceland. Grey eyes have a slight tint of blue and a more silvery appearance, while green eyes, one of the rarest colours globally, are commonly associated with Celtic and Germanic ancestry.
These variations in eye colour are more than just visual distinctions; they offer insight into genetic diversity, migration patterns, and how populations have adapted to their environments.
Each eye colour tells a story of ancestry, adaptation, and identity, adding to the incredible diversity of our world.
