World’s most important canals that power global shipping

Canals have long been pivotal in enhancing global trade by providing direct waterways that connect seas and oceans, thereby reducing maritime distances and fostering economic interactions.

According to Marine Insight, here are eight of the most significant canals that have shaped international navigation:

Grand Canal

As the world's longest and oldest canal, China's Grand Canal stretches over 1,770 kilometres, connecting Beijing north to Hangzhou south. Dating back to the 5th century BC, it has been instrumental in facilitating internal trade and cultural exchange within China, linking major rivers such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

Suez Canal

Located in Egypt, the Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, offering a direct maritime route between Europe and Asia. Spanning approximately 193 kilometres eliminates the need for vessels to navigate around Africa's Cape of Good Hope, significantly reducing travel time. Since its opening in 1869, the canal has undergone expansions to accommodate larger vessels and increased traffic. ​

Panama Canal

This 82-kilometre canal traverses the Isthmus of Panama, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Inaugurated in 1914, the Panama Canal revolutionized maritime trade by providing a shortcut that bypasses the lengthy and perilous route around South America's southern tip. Its system of locks raises and lowers ships across the continental divide, facilitating the passage of approximately 14,000 vessels annually. ​

Kiel Canal

Situated in Germany, the Kiel Canal connects the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. Extending about 98 kilometres, it is one of the world's busiest artificial waterways, enabling vessels to avoid the longer journey around the Jutland Peninsula. The canal plays a crucial role in European maritime trade by facilitating the swift movement of goods between the two seas.​

The Volga–Don Canal, Russia

Completed in 1952 during the Soviet era, this key waterway links the Volga and Don rivers, forming a critical part of the Europe-Asia transport network. Its 13 locks allow for smooth passage through elevation changes.