Ukraine's mineral wealth: A strategic asset
Ukraine is often referred to as one of the most resource-rich countries in Europe, and data from the Ukrainian Geologic Survey confirms this reputation. With a vast array of mineral deposits, Ukraine holds a prominent position in the global market for a variety of strategic raw materials.
These resources not only underpin key sectors of Ukraine’s economy but also represent critical components for global industries, including energy, metallurgy, defence, and green technologies.
Ukraine’s subsoil is home to over 20,000 mineral deposits and occurrences, with around 8,000 deposits officially registered. These include:
1. Metallic Minerals
Iron Ore: Ukraine ranks among the world’s top producers of iron ore, particularly from the Kryvyi Rih Basin, which contains some of the largest reserves (6500 metric tonnes) in Europe.
Titanium: The country holds Europe's largest titanium ore deposits, vital for aerospace, defence, and medical technologies.
Manganese: The Nikopol Manganese Basin is one of the richest (140 metric tonnes) in the world, critical for steel production.
Uranium: Ukraine has significant uranium ore reserves, a key component for nuclear energy.
Lithium: Ukraine is now focusing on strategic minerals essential for batteries, electronics, and renewable energy systems.
2. Non-Metallic Minerals
Kaolin and Graphite: Ukraine is a leading global supplier of high-grade graphite and kaolin, used in ceramics, paints, and electronics.
Rock Salt: Major deposits in Artemivsk and Soledar contribute significantly to domestic and regional supply.
Construction Materials: Rich deposits of granite, limestone, gypsum, and clay support Ukraine’s construction and infrastructure sectors.
3. Energy Resources
Coal: Ukraine has substantial coal reserves, particularly in the Donbas Basin.
Natural Gas and Oil: Though underutilised, Ukraine has significant hydrocarbon potential, especially in the Dnieper-Donets Basin and Black Sea shelf.
Shale Gas: Exploratory studies indicate the presence of shale gas reserves, which could bolster energy independence.
Ukraine’s mineral resources have gained increased attention in recent years due to their strategic relevance—especially in the context of the global energy transition and the growing demand for critical raw materials. The European Union has identified Ukraine as a key partner for securing the supply of critical raw materials (CRMs) necessary for battery production, electric vehicles, and renewable energy technologies.
Moreover, amid ongoing geopolitical tensions and war, control over Ukraine’s mineral wealth has become a point of strategic significance. Russia’s aggression has disrupted access to several key mining regions, further underscoring the importance of resource security and sustainable exploitation.
