Indian state bans polygamy, sets jail term of up to 10 years

The Assam Prohibition of Polygamy Bill, 2025, was passed in the state assembly on Thursday, positioning the legislation as a key element of the government’s push towards a future Uniform Civil Code (UCC).

Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma told legislators the bill was not aimed at any religion, insisting that “true Islamic people will welcome this.” He argued that Islam does not endorse polygamy and pointed to countries such as Turkey and Pakistan as examples where restrictions exist. 

The opposition AIUDF opposed the legislation, with party MLA Aminul Islam arguing it contravened constitutional provisions.

The law also targets those who facilitate polygamous marriages. Parents, community leaders and religious figures involved in conducting or concealing such unions could face up to two years in jail. 

Repeat offenders will face harsher penalties, although specific terms have not yet been outlined.

Individuals convicted under the act will be barred from government jobs, state-funded schemes and contesting elections. 

Polygamy will now be treated as a cognisable offence, enabling police to arrest without a warrant and begin investigations immediately.

Victims of unlawful polygamous marriages will be eligible for financial compensation, assessed and awarded by a government-appointed authority.

The legislation excludes areas under the Sixth Schedule — including the Bodoland Territorial Region and the hill districts of Dima Hasao, Karbi Anglong and West Karbi Anglong — as well as members of Scheduled Tribes.

The bill was introduced on the opening day of the assembly’s winter session, following heated debate on its implications for personal laws and the rights of minority and tribal communities.