Tanzania Roundup: Shilling performance, archaeological findings, marine reserves
Tanzanian Shilling performance
The Bank of Tanzania (BoT) has clarified the performance of the Tanzanian Shilling, stating it depreciated by 3.6% over the past year but appreciated by 9.51% between July and December 2024, making it the best-performing currency globally during that period. Governor Emmanuel Tutuba attributed the recent depreciation since January 2025 to seasonal foreign exchange flows and a flexible exchange rate policy with minimal central bank intervention. He emphasised Tanzania's strong macroeconomic indicators, including a 5.4% economic growth rate in 2024, low inflation of 3.1% in February 2025, and a sustainable debt-to-GDP ratio of 41.1%. The current account deficit has also narrowed significantly. The BoT, according to The Citizen, dismissed claims from a recent media report labelling the Shilling as the world’s worst-performing currency, reaffirming its commitment to economic stability and effective monetary policies.
Archaeological findings on old bone tools
Archaeologists have discovered bone tools in Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge dating back 1.5 million years, significantly older than previous finds in Europe from 400,000 years ago. These tools, made from large animal bones such as hippos and elephants, were shaped for butchering, indicating that early hominins, particularly Homo erectus, had advanced cognitive abilities for technology transfer much earlier than previously believed. This discovery sheds light on human evolution, showcasing Homo erectus's understanding of skeletal anatomy and the physical properties of bones, prompting questions about their choice of materials. Inkl reports that the finding emphasises the need for researchers to look for evidence of bone tool production in fossil records, which could enhance our understanding of early human technology and behaviour.
Documentation of family lineage
Tanzanians are encouraged to document their family lineages to preserve history and transmit values, as emphasised by retired history professor Prof. Fredrick Kaijage during the launch of the book ‘Life and Times of Omwami Evarista Kashaga of Kagera Region 1902-1983’. The book highlights the significance of identity and self-awareness rooted in understanding one's lineage. Dr. Frateline Kashaga, a contributor to the book, stressed that each family's unique history enriches cultural and national identity, warning that without documentation, vital knowledge could be lost. He urged families to share their histories and consider creating digital archives for future generations, The Citizen reports. The book, which includes historical narratives, is set to be available on social media platforms run by Kashaga's great-grandchildren.
Freight Train operations
Tanzania's standard gauge railway (SGR) freight train is set to begin operations in June 2025 after successful trial runs and necessary approvals. The Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) is finalising agreements with the Tanzania Revenue Authority and Tanzania Ports Authority. The SGR system, which will eventually connect to neighbouring countries, spans approximately 2,561 kilometres, with the Dar es Salaam to Dodoma section already operational since June 2024. TRC has received 264 new wagons capable of carrying 120 tonnes each at speeds up to 120 km/h. The Citizen reports that, TRC has not requested operational subsidies since starting operations, aiming for self-sustainability. Future expansions include reaching Mwanza by 2027 and Kigoma by 2028, while a separate project will develop a southern railway network through private investment. The total value of SGR construction contracts is Sh29.58 trillion.
Marine reserves
A recent study published in Conservation Letters reveals that Tanzania's marine protected areas (MPAs), established in the 1990s to combat declining fish populations, have led to improved living standards in nearby communities over nearly 20 years. Researchers surveyed 840 households in 24 villages and found that those within 5 kilometres of an MPA experienced significant enhancements in living conditions, such as home ownership and food security, compared to those further away. The study suggests that these improvements are linked to growth in sectors beyond fishing, such as tourism, rather than direct benefits from fishing opportunities. Despite the positive socio-economic changes, respondents reported fewer fish catches in 2021 than in 2003, indicating ongoing challenges for local fisheries. The researchers emphasise that while MPAs support diverse income generation, they have not necessarily improved fishery productivity, highlighting the complex impacts of such interventions on both communities and marine ecosystems.
