Top 10 Countries with the most citizens living abroad

According to the UN International Migration Report 2024, the global migration landscape continues to evolve, with millions of people leaving their home countries for better opportunities, education, safety, and quality of life.

The latest data reveals the top 10 countries with the most citizens living abroad, shedding light on significant demographic and socio-economic trends.

1. India – 18.1 million expats

India tops the list with a staggering 18.1 million nationals living overseas. This vast diaspora is spread across the Gulf countries, North America, Europe, and Australia. Factors driving this include better job prospects, higher education, and family reunification.

2. Mexico – 11.2 million

Mexico follows as the second-highest country of origin for emigrants, with 11.2 million Mexicans residing abroad. The United States remains the primary destination, driven by economic migration and familial connections.

3. Russia – 10.8 million

With 10.8 million citizens living abroad, Russia has seen consistent migration due to both economic and political reasons. Many Russian expatriates have settled in neighbouring countries and Western Europe.

4. China – 10.5 million

China has 10.5 million citizens living outside its borders. Chinese expatriates are heavily present in Southeast Asia, North America, and Europe, driven by business, education, and investment opportunities.

5. Bangladesh – 7.8 million

Approximately 7.8 million Bangladeshis live abroad, mainly in the Middle East, Malaysia, and the UK. Labour migration remains a dominant trend among Bangladeshi expats.

6. Philippines – 6.5 million

The Philippines has 6.5 million citizens overseas, reflecting the country’s long-standing labour export policy. Filipino workers are crucial in global healthcare, hospitality, and maritime sectors.

7. Ukraine – 6.1 million

With 6.1 million Ukrainians living abroad, recent migration trends have been influenced significantly by conflict with Russia and displacement. Many have sought refuge and work across Europe.

8. Pakistan – 6 million

Pakistan reports 6 million expats, primarily located in the Gulf region, the UK, and North America. Economic migration and remittances play a key role in the country’s economy.

9. Indonesia – 4.5 million

Indonesia has 4.5 million nationals abroad, many working in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and Taiwan. Labour and domestic work are primary migration drivers.

10. Nigeria – 2 million

Nigeria, with 2 million expats, rounds out the top ten. Nigerian professionals and students have increasingly migrated to North America, Europe, and South Africa.

Global implications of migration trends

These migration patterns are more than just numbers—they reflect broader shifts in labour markets, educational aspirations, political stability, and economic dependency. Remittances sent home by expatriates play a vital role in the GDP of many countries on this list. In addition, diaspora communities serve as cultural and economic bridges between nations.